The scale will not detect mothers with anxiety neuroses, phobias or personality disorders. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is an important screening instrument that is used routinely with mothers during the postpartum. It has been utilized among numerous populations including u. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a 10item questionnaire that was developed to identify women who have postpartum depression.
Apr 04, 2016 the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is one of the most widely used screening instruments for assessing symptoms of perinatal depression and anxiety 3, 4. The most common way this is done in the uk and us is by using the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds. Perinatal mental disorder is characterized by depression, anxiety, or. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds j l cox, j m. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds j l cox, j. The epds is a simple 10item selfreport scale which reliably identifies. A hospital based cross sectional study using epds was conducted among 346 mothers between 4 and 14 weeks of. Holden, r sagovsky 1987 this 10 item self report measure is designed to screen women for symptoms of emotional distress during pregnancy and the postnatal period. Links to the english and multilingual resources can be accessed further below. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds free social. Postnatal depression is poorly identified in the community.
Validation of the edinburgh depression scale during pregnancy. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale request pdf. No action or inaction should be based on the content please see your healthcare professional for any matter relating to your health or wellbeing or call 000 if you or your baby is at risk of harm. The aim of this study was to construct a simplified depression survey. The simplified edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds for. Jun 12, 2006 the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a 10 item selfrating post natal depression scale which has seen widespread use in epidemiological and clinical studies. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a questionnaire originally developed to assist in identifying possible symptoms of depression in the postnatal period. This website is to be used as a resource only and is not intended to replace professional help or medical care. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds calculator. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale is available in many languages. Anticipatory guidance regarding signs and symptoms of perinatal depression or anxiety.
The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a set of 10 screening questions that can indicate whether a parent has symptoms that are common in. Worlds best powerpoint templates crystalgraphics offers more powerpoint templates than anyone else in the world, with over 4 million to choose from. Using the epds to measure postpartum depression severity. The epds is among the most widely used screening tools for depression in women and. Ppt post natal depression powerpoint presentation free to. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale health navigator nz. Concern has been raised over the validity of the epds as a single summed scale, with suggestions that it measures two separate aspects, one of depressive feelings, the other of. Evaluation of the edinburgh post natal depression scale. Other tools, such as the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads, are used to identify which women need care, as well as to help doctors decide on the best form of treatment. The simplified edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds ncbi. It assesses emotional experiences over the past seven days using ten likert scale items see additional file 1. In doubtful cases it may be useful to repeat the tool after 2 weeks. Perinatal mental health and psychosocial assessment.
Symptoms may include extreme sadness, low energy, anxiety, crying episodes, irritability, and changes in sleeping or eating patterns. Items of the scale correspond to various clinical depression symptoms, such as guilt feeling, sleep disturbance, low energy, anhedonia, and suicidal ideation. These are common tools used for screening depression as well as the patient health questionnaire9 phq9 and the refugee health screener15 rhs15. It has become routine in the uk for health visitors to administer the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds at two or three time points in the first 68 months of the postnatal period.
Cox 1990 also known as the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds j l cox, j m. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds1 the questionnaire below is called the edinburgh postnatal depression scale edps the edps was developed to identify women who may have postpartum depression. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds 23 translations of the epds have been recently checked, revised or backtranslated and then reformatted by western sydney translation service onto the nsw health emr form to enable clinicians better access to validated versions via a url link. Identifying and assessing the benefits of interventions for. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale health partners plans. The 3 item anxiety subscale of the edinburgh postpartum. Various screening tools edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds, whooley questions, beck depression inventory, phq9 were assessed as part of a wider strategy to identify and treat those experiencing pnd 28, 36, 38. It assesses emotional experiences over the past seven days using ten likertscale items see additional file 1. Developed as the edinburgh postnatal depression scale and validated for use in both pregnancy and the postnatal period to assess for possible depression and anxiety. Recognition and management of perinatal depression and.
Find out about the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds, one of the tools used to assess mood in women during pregnancy and for the. This 10question selfrating scale has been demonstrated to be an efficient and effective way of identifying patients at risk for perinatal depression. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds has originally been developed to assist primary care health professionals to detect postnatal depression, but several authors recommend its use outside of the postpartum period. Oct 21, 2016 edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is considered well accepted screening tool for postpartum depression ppd. Theyll give your presentations a professional, memorable appearance the kind of sophisticated look that. Examples of validated depression screening tools include. Our new crystalgraphics chart and diagram slides for powerpoint is a collection of over impressively designed datadriven chart and editable diagram s guaranteed to impress any audience. Routine depression screening should be conducted during pregnancy and the early postpartum period, and results charted.
Postpartum major depression american family physician. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a questionnaire originally developed to assist in identifying possible symptoms of depression in the. For a copy in another language call the uic perinatal consultation line at 18005736121. It is a selfreport questionnaire now used in many countries to screen for postnatal depression. Validating the edinburgh postnatal depression scale as a. Typically the epds is used at a single time point to identify women with probable depression. The identification of antenatal depression is critical but poorly conducted. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is the most wellknown, validated instrument for screening pregnancyrelated depression. Validation of the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds. Concern has been raised over the validity of the epds as a single summed scale, with suggestions that it measures two separate aspects, one of depressive feelings, the other of anxiety.
Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is considered well accepted screening tool for postpartum depression ppd. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale 1 epds postpartum depression is the most common complication of childbearing. It can help to identify symptoms of anxiety and depression. Discussion and establishing a care team, babyfeeding plan, and reproductive life plan. Robby steel, roch cantwell, in companion to psychiatric studies eighth edition, 2010. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds ucsf fresno.
Oct 15, 2010 postpartum major depression is a disorder that is often unrecognized and must be distinguished from baby blues. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is the most wellknown, validated instrument for screening pregnancyrelated depression. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a 10question screening tool that has been validated for the assessment of mood in the early postpartum period 43 but must be supported by clinical assessment of mood for the diagnosis of pnd to be made. Reliability and validity of the edinburgh postnatal. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a set of 10 screening questions that can indicate whether a parent has symptoms that are common in women with depression and anxiety during pregnancy and in the year following the birth of a child. Concern has been raised over the validity of the epds as a single summed scale, with suggestions that it measures two separate aspects, one of depressive feelings, the other.
Validation in a norwegian community sample article pdf available in nordic journal of psychiatry 552. Beck depression inventory bdi hamilton depression scale hospital. You will be given the epds as a normal part of your pregnancy and post pregnancy care. Ppt post natal depression powerpoint presentation free.
The 10item validated selfreport instrument assesses mothers postpartum depressive symptoms, excluding somatic symptoms of depression that. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds j l cox. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds has been developed to assist primary care health professionals to detect mothers suffering from postnatal depression. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is an example of such a brief selfrating scale, although it was originally designed for screening for postpartum depression. Women with postpartum depression need not feel alone.
It also has adequate sensitivity and specificity to identify depressive symptoms in the antenatal period and is useful in identifying symptoms of anxiety. As you are having a baby, we would like to know how you are feeling. The commonwealth department of health and ageing doha suggests using it twice once antenatally, and again a month or so postpartum reference here. Sep 22, 2016 a small study assessing the use of the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds for identifying depression in primary care suggested that gps missed many cases of depression in post natal women recognizing cases out of 30, although they did recognize more cases than any other professional group. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is probably the tool most commonly used to identify women with postpartum depression. Onset is typically between one week and one month following childbirth. The scale indicates how the mother has feltduring the previous week. Postpartum depression ppd, also called postnatal depression, is a type of mood disorder associated with childbirth, which can affect both sexes. Mar 24, 2016 none or minimal depression 06, mild depression 7, moderate depression 1419, severe depression 1930. Validation of the edinburgh postnatal depression scale. The 10question edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a valuable and efficient way of identifying patients at risk for perinatal depression. You will be asked to complete the epds at least twice.
The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a 10 item selfrating postnatal depression scale which has seen widespread use in epidemiological and clinical studies. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds this document is available in english as well as in languages other than english. The epds is among the most widely used screening tools for depression in women and has been translated in over 50 languages. I have been able to laugh and see the funny side of things. A small study assessing the use of the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds for identifying depression in primary care suggested that gps missed many cases of depression in postnatal women recognizing cases out of 30, although they did recognize more cases than any other professional group. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds has originally been developed to assist primary care health professionals to detect postnatal depression, but several authors recommend its use outside. Identifying and assessing the benefits of interventions. Practice resource manual for victorian maternal and child health nurses 20 overall, the manual is designed to support the key processes for assessment of perinatal depression as outlined in. Standardized questionnaires designed for the identification of depression are useful for monitoring individual as well as population mental health. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds 23 translations of the epds have been recently checked, revised or backtranslated and then reformatted by western sydney translation service onto the nsw health emr form to enable clinicians better access to validated versions via a. Edinburgh perinatalpostnatal depression scale epds.
The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is one of the most widely used screening instruments for assessing symptoms of perinatal depression and anxiety 3, 4. To download information click on the selected language. Internationally, the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is the most widely accepted screening instrument used in the perinatal period. Using the edinburgh postnatal depression scale meta4rn. The epds has been validated for use in both pregnancy and the. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale to screen for depression. The objective of the study was to validate the epds as a screening tool for postpartum depression in kathmandu, nepal. It has 10 questions, is free, is relatively easy to score, and. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds since you are either pregnant or have recently had a baby, we want to know how you feel. Evaluation of the edinburgh post natal depression scale using. For these reasons, women of childbearing age can be at high risk for depressive disorder 1. Edinburgh perinatalpostnatal depression scale epds for use between 28 32 weeks in all pregnancies and 6 8 weeks postpartum name. Chart and diagram slides for powerpoint beautifully designed chart and diagram s for powerpoint with visually stunning graphics and animation effects.
I have been able to laugh and see the funny side of things 6. Edinburgh postnatal pregnancy, birth and early parenthood. May 21, 2018 various screening tools edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds, whooley questions, beck depression inventory, phq9 were assessed as part of a wider strategy to identify and treat those experiencing pnd 28, 36, 38. The comparator adopted was usual, standard or current carepracticeservices in nearly all studies. Does the edinburgh postpartum depression scale epds3 anxiety subscale perform as well as the full 10 item epds scale in screening for postnatal depression, and how do other brief screening alternatives compare. Questions 3, 510 marked with an are reverse scored, with the top box scored as a 3 and the bottom box scored as 0. Postpartum major depression is a disorder that is often unrecognized and must be distinguished from baby blues. This is not intended to provide a diagnosis only trained health professionals should do this. A core component of australias national perinatal depression initiative npdi is universal screening of all pregnant women and new mums using the edinburgh postnatal depression scale. It is interesting to note that many women had scores between 7 and, what we would label as nondepressed on the epds but a score that would be called mild depression using more conventional scales of depression severity. The dependent variable utilized in this study was the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds as it is the most common screening instrument used for the detection of antenatal and post natal. Background the edinburgh postpartum depression scale epds is a selfadministered examination that is used to screen pregnant women during pregnancy and is used post pregnancy to detect signs and. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds was developed to assist primary care health professionals in detecting mothers suffering from postpartum depression ppd.
None or minimal depression 06, mild depression 7, moderate depression 1419, severe depression 1930. Antenatal depressive symptoms, a history of major depressive disorder, or. Once during your pregnancy, and once after pregnancy. Winner of the standing ovation award for best powerpoint templates from presentations magazine. It has also been validated for use in pregnant populations murray and cox, 1990. The dependent variable utilized in this study was the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds as it is the most common screening instrument used for. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds postpartum depression is the most common complication of childbearing. About the edinburgh postnatal depression scale the epds was developed in the 1980s by john cox, a consultant psychiatrist in the united kingdom, and his colleagues jeni holden and ruth sagovsky. Postnatal depression hits one in seven mothers nhs. Scale epds that have been translated into languages other than english and validated for use in screening to assist health workers detect perinatal depression, in both pregnancy and during the postpartum period.
Cox jl, holden jm, sagovsky r 1987 detection of postnatal depression. Overall assessment is done by total score, which is determined by adding. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a set of questions for you to answer. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds the epds was developed for screening postpartum women in outpatient, home visiting settings, or at the 6 8 week postpartum examination. It has 10 questions, is free, is relatively easy to score, and can be completed in less than 5 minutes by the mother. The epds is not a diagnostic tool and must always be used in conjunction with clinical assessment. The perinatal clinical practice guidelines recommend that psychosocial assessment and the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds be used by primary care and other health professionals to screen all women for symptoms of depression andor anxiety during the perinatal period.
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